Formulation Development and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Antihypertensive Drugs

Abstract

Amlodipine, approved by the FDA in 1987, is a popular antihypertensive drug in the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers group. It is used to treat high blood pressure and angina due to its selective targeting of peripheral blood vessels. Amlodipine has antioxidant properties and can enhance the production of nitric oxide, a vasodilator that reduces blood pressure. It is a fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative used for hypertension, chronic stable angina, and vasospastic angina. Amlodipine functions as an antihypertensive agent, calcium channel blocker, and vasodilator agent. It is a dihydropyridine, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an ethyl ester, a methyl ester, and a primary amino compound.The main goal of formulating and evaluating polymeric nanoparticles for antihypertensive drug delivery is to enhance their efficacy, safety, and bioavailability. This involves improving drug solubility, protection from degradation, sustained release, and targeted delivery to specific tissues. The process includes drug and polymer selection, formulation development, preparation, drug loading, characterization, in vitro evaluation, drug release studies, particle stability studies, and data analysis and statistical evaluation.The results of this study showed that sodium alginate and aloe vera gel nanoparticles content and the type of surfactant altered the entrapment efficiency and drug release rate. Formulation having surfactant and sodium alginate and aloe vera gel nanoparticles ratio 1:0.2 exhibited higher drug release. From all these studies, it can be concluded that a gel formulation containing nanoparticles loaded with API showed prolonged action than formulations containing API in sodium alginate and aloe vera gel nanoparticles and it can be developed successfully to improve the microbial activity.